JTUS,
Vol. 02, No. 8 August 2024
E-ISSN: 2984-7435, P-ISSN: 2984-7427
|
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.58631/jtus.v2i8.107 |
Habiburokhman's Political
Communication Network in the 2019 Election
Hermansyah
University
of Muhammadiyah Jakarta, Tangerang, Banten, Indonesia
Email: [email protected]
|
Abstract In the 2019 election, the role of
the political communication network is very important for every legislative
candidate who participates in the contest. In essence, a candidate who has
many relationships and is supported by a network strength can certainly make
it easier to win the votes of the people. This research aims to find out how Habiburokhman
built a political communication network in the 2019 election. In this study,
a qualitative approach is used. Meanwhile, the method used is Communication
Network Analysis (CNA). The data collection techniques used are interviews
and documentation. Analysis on a data is in the form of data reduction, data
presentation, and conclusion drawing using UCINET. As for the triangulation
test in this study, using source triangulation was carried out to a political
communication expert, Gun Gun Heriyanto.
The results of the study explain that the success achieved by Habiburokhman in the 2019 election is inseparable from
the support and strength of a political communication network that has been
built so far. The networks are divided into five groups, namely the political
communication network group of the volunteer team, the political
communication network group of the success team, the political communication
network group of the women's team, the political communication network group
of the millennial team, and the political communication network group of the
media team. Then Habiburokhman during the 2019
election used a community-based dor to dor kampage approach. Keywords: Communication Network, Politics, Elections. |
INTRODUCTION
Democracy
in Indonesia has experienced rapid development, political activities are so
dynamic. This diversity makes various components of society directly involved
Especially
the capital city of Jakarta, including DKI 1 East Jakarta, has produced
prospective legislative members who will participate in the fight for as many
as 6 (six) seats available in the Legislative Election Parliament in 2019 so
that it becomes a very fierce contestation for Indonesian politicians. Data
from the East Jakarta KPU stated that the 2019 election was attended by 93 bacalegs consisting of 36 female bacalegs
and 57 male bacalegs. Through sharing the
representation of the respective political party fractions, among others:
National Awakening Party, Greater Indonesia Movement Party, Indonesian
Democratic Party of Struggle, Golongan Karya Party, National Democrat Party, Garuda Party, Berkarya Party, Prosperous Justice Party, Indonesian Perstuan Party, United Development Party, Indonesian
Solidarity Party, National Mandate Party, People's Conscience Party, Democratic
Party, Moon Star Party, Justice and Unity Party of Indonesia. Of the 16 parties, only 4 parties have sent
their representatives and qualified as members of the House of Representatives
of the Republic of Indonesia for the 2019-2024 Period of the DKI 1 East Jakarta
Dapil. Based on the results of the determination of
the recapitulation results by the General Election Commission (KPU) of East
Jakarta City on April 17, 2019, it was decided that a number of names of
politicians and figures who are running for legislative members of the DKI 1
East Jakarta constituency will be declared qualified for the 2019-2024 period,
including: Habiburokman with a total of (76.28)
votes, Putra Nababan (101,769) votes, Sondang Tiara
Debora (36,185 votes), Mardani (155,185)
votes, Anis Byarwati (39,935 votes). Hendro Purnomo (104,564 votes). With such a large number of
legislative candidates and the limited number of seats contested, competition
is inevitable for every candidate, making legislative candidates have to work
extra hard if they want to be elected
Table
1. Votes for the elected Bacaleg of the DKI 1 East
Jakarta Dapil
|
NO |
NAME |
FACTION |
DAPIL |
VOICE |
|
1 |
Habiburokhman |
GERINDRA |
DKI 1 |
76.28 |
|
2 |
Nababan's son |
PDIP |
DKI 1 |
101,769 |
|
3 |
Sondang Tiar Debora |
PDIP |
DKI 1 |
36,185 |
|
4 |
Mardani |
MCC |
DKI 1 |
155. 285 |
|
5 |
Anis Byarwati Debora |
MCC |
DKI 1 |
39. 935 |
|
6 |
Eko Hendro Purnomo |
PAN |
DKI 1 |
104. 564 |
Source: East Jakarta KPU Website
METHODS
This
study uses the Communication Network Analysis (CNA) method with a descriptive
qualitative approach as a process to explain and describe the existence of a
person or actor who carries out interaction activities in the network
structure, as well as to find out how the communication network system formed
between actors
Meanwhile,
the research began from April 2023 to July 2023. This research aims to obtain
data in qualitative form. The data analysis technique is carried out by means
of a systematic data compilation process from the results of interviews, field
notes and documentation, then a conclusion is made so that it can be easily
understood by self-consciousness and many opinions. In the analysis, it
consists of several components, namely:
1.
Data
Reduction
The
process of summarizing, choosing the main focus is considered important and
looking for themes, data that has been reduced can provide a clear picture,
making it easier for researchers to collect the next data, and look for other
data if needed.
2.
Data
Presentation
After
reducing a data, the data is collected as information to be presented in
qualitative research. The presentation of data can be in the form of a brief
description of the text that is narrative in nature supported by the
presentation of accurate data so that it is easy to understand.
3.
Drawing
conclusions
The
activity of drawing information is to record the results of the answers from
the research based on data analysis. The conclusion can be presented in
descriptive form as the object of research guidelines.
RESULTS AND
DISCUSSION
Habiburokhman's Political Communication
Network in the 2019 Election
In the 20219 election, the victory obtained
by a bacaleg was not achieved regardless of the role
of a network built in a conservative manner. A good political communication
network system will make it easier for a candidate to have support from the
community so that it can be ensured that success in winning votes to win the
fight in the election will be real. According to Habiburokhman
himself, thanks to the support and political communication network that he has
formed so far, it is one of the factors in his election as a member of the
House of Representatives of the Republic of Indonesia for the 2019-2024 period.
Then Habiburokhman also said that it is very
important for a bacaleg to have a communication
network in each region that aims to build direct interaction with the
community. Basically, Habiburokhman's political
communication network is a new network formed in 2019. Although previously habiburokhman had a law-based organization often referred
to as "Advocat Cinta Tanh Air" where its
function was more about law enforcement in Indonesia, but Berwal from that
organization habiburokhman had many friends until
finally officially became one of the best cadres of major parties in Indonesia,
namely the Gerindra Party as well as occupying the
position of Chairman of the Advocacy Division and Anngota
of the Board of Trustees.
Then
in the 2019 election, Habiburokhman synergized
between the advocacy organization Cintah Tanh Air and
the newly formed political communication network to strengthen voice support in
the legislative contest. The Habiburokhman political
communication network group that is relatively new is the Volunteer Team
Network formed directly by Habiburokhman in 2018
because it will fight in the 2019 elections, then the Habiburokhman
Success Team, the Party Team, the Women's Team (Emak-emak),
the Millennial Team or Young People, and the Media Team. In terms of minin, each team leader acts as a bridge between Habiburokhman and the existing network team aiming for
contestation in the 2019 election. For two good collaborations, namely between
the new network and advocacy organizations, it can be considered successful in
collecting votes in the 2019 elections. It was proven by the election of Habiburokhman as a member of the Legislative Council for
the 2019-2024 period with a total of votes (76.28) percent at that time. To
gain sympathy from the wider community, especially East Jakarta in the 2019
election, of course, a Habiburokhman really hopes for
support from the political communication network that has been formed, in order
to help in finding information about the map of the East Jakarta region,
because at that time all the bacalegs were competing
to win and were again tambha with the presence of
political elite candidates who were quite famous to participate.
In
the 2019 election, there were no other events used by Habiburokjhman
other than going down directly after conducting a survey, every Rt/Rw in the East Jakarta area has been visited by going
around starting approximately 2 (months). Campaign activities at that time
coincided with the presidential election, the vote support obtained by habiburokhman in the 2019 contest on average came from his
supporter Parabowo Karen in East Jakarta, which can
be said to be the Mayota of Gerindra's
base. Therefore, some people who are classified as Prabowo's supporters will
automatically also support Habiburokhman. In addition to the effect of Parbowo and the presidential election, Habiburokhman
also sells a program, namely by offering legal consultation for East Jakarta
residents for free. Of course, if the contest is in East Jkarta
itself, the offer of free legal consultants is very effective in gaining vote
support. So that the presence of this
free legal consultation is very beneficial for office areas in East Jakarta,
because the community needs it more. This Prses has
been carried out for a long time with a total of more than 50,000 legal
members.
Habiburokhman Political Communication
Network Group
Looking
at the results of a study conducted by researchers on the Habiburokhman
political communication network in the 2019 elections, it was found from
several networks, namely:
1.
Volunteer
Team Network
In
the 2019 election, it can be said that the network of this volunteer team has a
very important equity in Habiburokhman's victory
until he was elected as a Member of Legilslatife for
the 2019-2024 period. In essence, the volunteer team plays a role in
socializing the programs delivered by Habiburokhman,
so that each volunteer must have their own network in the community to be used
as a team in charge of finding information in the community.
2.
Success
Team Network
This
network of successful teams is also the initial gateway for Habiburokhman
in rallying voter support. Aiming to suggest the dissemination of political
ideas and work programs entrusted by Habiburokhman to
the community. Then this successful team was assigned to each specific location
point from the sub-district level, village level, Rt and Rw
level to analyze the situation in the field.
3.
Party
Network
Through the DPD, the East Jakarta Gerindra Party itself also has a victory team called the
"victory team", aiming to find out and see how big the chances are
for Habiburaokhman to win in the 2019 legislative
election, especially in East Jakarta. With a special strategy, the party team
tries to get closer to the community so that they can open a network in every
field coordination consisting of Kelurahan, District,
RT, RW. then fought together to win Habiburokhman.
So that this party team targets all
levels by seeking as many votes as possible through socialization to bring them
to every house or to every mass organization that can be visited. Therefore,
the party team also occasionally makes visits to the community, be it NU
figures, Muhammadiyah figures. Because starting from there, he more or less got
support for Habiburokhman. Then the party team also
involved several of its cadres as TPS supervisors in each region whose goal was
to supervise the votes obtained and guard C1 from the results of the votes at
the polling stations.
4.
The
Power Emak-emak Network (Women)
As
a women's team, of course, they are also a network to connect with other
mothers such as their schoolmates, study groups, social gathering groups, work
friends and chat friends. Because it can
be seen that for the East Jakarat area, it can be
said that many of Habiburokhman's supporters are
women. His reflection has more or less influenced Habiburokhman's
vote by 70%.
The
delivery of political messages carried out by the women's team is quite
successful in the community, of course, by convincing mothers that it is time
to be active in facing Indonesian political developments. In order for women to
get full attention from the government, be it from the rt, rw,
sub-district level, village head, legislative, yudikatife,
executive, that women's involvement in the current world of politics is very
influential. Then the women's team also marketed the figure of the candidate, namely
Habiburokhman, to them through several points of
existing ideas. By carrying out socialization activities, the information built
by word of mouth quickly spreads widely. In addition, the women's team is also
active on whatshap and Instagram media to seek the
sympathy of women to support Habiburokhman's voice in
the East Jakarta area. Because nowadays
most mothers already have their own chat groups in the media, unlike in the
past they often chatted on the terraces of houses, in the yard, and even in stalls.
However, as time goes by, mothers begin to have a container to copy greetings
such as group healing or shopee groups.
5.
Millennial
Network (Young People)
In
the 2019 election, this millennial team was not just a hitchhiker in the party
of democracy at that time, but it is necessary to be well aware that the impact
produced by this young generation in collecting votes is quite effective for a
candidate. In addition to being active
in every activity organized by Habiburokhman, they
also socialize young people who often hang out on the street, by communicating
directly with them, then inviting them to join the success team in winning Habiburokhman in the 2019 election. With the creativity of
these young people, it was then used to attract votes among the community, such
as playing drum bands, and hadroh to conduct mobile
socialization so that there were many people who saw that there was the
involvement of millennial groups in Habiburokhman's
politics at that time. With the presence of this millennial network, it is very
helpful for Habiburokahm's journey process in the
2019 elections. Because of the new breakthrough, and the resulting strategy to
win a contestant is very obvious as well as in gaining the votes of the people
in East Jakarta.
6.
Media
Network
In increasing its existence in the
2019 elections, Habiburokhman does not only rely on
the networks of the relewan team and the health team,
but in the context the media network also functions as the main guard in
attracting public interest to participate as Habiburokhman
voters. Through several social media
such as Instagram, Facebook, Twitter, Tiktok, Youtube, and also non-electronic media such as billboards,
and other suppliers in accordance with the applicable regulations. With many
people starting to access social media among the public, Habiburokhman
therefore gave the initiative for his supporters to build a network on social
media for election purposes as well as see the reaction caused by the public
about him. If you look at the responsiveness of the people who like, and the
comments on the media platform provided by the Habiburokhman
media team can reach 50% of the contribution. This media team is one of the
forums to recruit people who have not had time to be touched directly.
Figure 3. The input data of the Habiburokhman political communication network display in
the 2019 election was processed through UCINET. (Source: Results)
Figure 1. Sociogram of Habiburokhman's political communication network in the 2019
election, which was processed through UCINET. (Source: 2023 Study Results)
CONCLUSION
Based
on the research and discussion regarding Habiburokhman's
Political Communication Network in the 2019 Election, the following conclusions
can be drawn: Habiburokhman's political communication
network is divided into several groups, including the volunteer team network,
the success team network, the party team network, the women's team network, the
millennial team network, and the media network. Among these networks, there are
39 actors who were directly involved in Habiburokhman's
victory. The network that contributed the most during the vote mobilization in
the 2019 election was the women's team network, accounting for 70 percent of
the votes. The political communication network concept developed by Habiburokhman is more oriented towards a door-to-door
campaign approach, with activities such as campaigning conducted at night in
the East Jakarta area, where he interacted actively with residents to gain
support for the election. Thus, Habiburokhman's
network strength in the 2019 election was more community-based, involving
religious leaders, community leader associations, women's groups, and
millennial charities. The measurement of Habiburokhman's
political communication network reveals that the four actors with the largest
network sizes are Habiburokhman, Ali Hakim Lubis, Azhari, and Faisla Senata, with a score of 39.00 links. The actors with the
smallest network sizes are Adit and Irsan Ra’is, each with 10.00
links. For network density, Faisla Senata ranks first. Centrality in the network can be
determined through five methods: Density, Eigenvector Centrality, Degree
Centrality, Closeness Centrality, and Betweenness Centrality, with the UCINET
application used to analyze the results.
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Copyright
holder: Hermansyah (2024) |
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First publication right: Journal
Transnational Universal Studies (JTUS) |
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