Time Cost Trade of Analysis Using Building Information Modelling to Improve Construction Project Effectiveness

Azzahrah Amalia Saga — 2025-08-05

This research examines how the implementation of Building Information Modelling (BIM) can enhance time and cost efficiency in construction projects using the Time Cost Trade-Off (TCTO) method. It aims to explore BIM’s potential in optimizing project scheduling and budgeting to improve overall effectiveness. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the study integrates qualitative and quantitative strategies to analyze BIM's role in supporting the TCTO method. Findings indicate that the TCTO method significantly improves time and cost efficiency by enabling accurate critical path identification and cost-effective acceleration strategies. Additionally, BIM enhances project effectiveness through information integration, cost-time analysis, and building simulation, supporting key TCTO processes. Expert validation and survey responses confirmed a strong correlation between BIM and TCTO. However, the research is limited to construction projects in Indonesia, which may affect the generalizability of the results. Practically, integrating BIM with TCTO provides project managers with a strategic tool to improve scheduling and budgeting accuracy. The findings offer actionable insights to enhance planning efficiency in large-scale or complex construction projects. This study presents a novel framework linking BIM capabilities directly with the technical stages of the TCTO method, combining validated indicators and empirical data to offer a new perspective on optimizing construction project performance through digital and analytical integration.

The Influence of Product, Price, Place, and Promotion on the Decision to Revisit Through Satisfaction as an Intervening Variable (Case Study: Atcafe Samali, South Jakarta)

Fitri Agustiani — 2025-08-05

Atcafe Samali is experiencing a decline in sales, where the researcher assumes that there is an inconsistency in the marketing mix elements, namely Price, Place, and Promotion. This research has the following objectives: (1) To analyze the effect of Product on the Decision to Revisit Atcafe Samali; (2) To analyze the effect of Price on the Decision to Revisit Atcafe Samali; (3) To analyze the effect of Place on the Decision to Revisit Atcafe Samali; (4) To analyze the effect of Promotion on the Decision to Revisit Atcafe Samali; (5) To analyze the effect of Product on Customer Satisfaction at Atcafe Samali; (6) To determine if there is an effect of Price on Customer Satisfaction at Atcafe Samali; (7) To analyze the effect of Place on Customer Satisfaction at Atcafe Samali; (8) To analyze the effect of Promotion on Customer Satisfaction at Atcafe Samali; (9) To analyze the effect of Customer Satisfaction on the Decision to Revisit Atcafe Samali; (10) To analyze the effect of Product on the Repeat Visit Decision through Customer Satisfaction at Atcafe Samali; (11) To analyze the effect of Price on the Repeat Visit Decision through Customer Satisfaction at Atcafe Samali; (12) To analyze the effect of Place on the Repeat Visit Decision through Customer Satisfaction at Atcafe Samali; (13) To analyze the effect of Promotion on the Repeat Visit Decision through Customer Satisfaction at Atcafe Samali, in order to analyze the effect of Product, Price, Place, and Promotion on the Repeat Visit Decision through Customer Satisfaction at Atcafe Samali. This research uses purposive sampling and data processing using Smart SEM - PLS 4.0. The results of this study show that five hypotheses are accepted, and eight hypotheses are rejected.

Journal Transnational Universal Studies

Time Cost Trade of Analysis Using Building Information Modelling to Improve Construction Project Effectiveness

The Influence of Product, Price, Place, and Promotion on the Decision to Revisit Through Satisfaction as an Intervening Variable (Case Study: Atcafe Samali, South Jakarta)